History and philosophy 1
The ancient world and myths
The aims of the training are to enable the apprentice to- compare social structures and the conditions of natural surroundings from two ancient cultures, and discuss the ideas that typify these societies
- elaborate on and discuss how human beings in ancient cultures understood time, sought after meaning and transferred knowledge between generations
- reflect on how myths can influence the understanding of reality and stories, and discuss how myths attempt to provide answers to fundamental questions within ancient cultures
- give an account of what characterizes symbols, and give examples of different kinds of symbols from ancient cultures
- form a simple historical presentation, with a point of departure in non-written artefacts from the period(s) and show how such historical remnants can be interpreted in different ways
- reflect on the relationship between the comprehension of time and the stories told from this period where chronology, transfer of experience and the search for meaning and existence are concerned
- discuss the meaning of oral communication applied to history in a culture
Classical Antiquity and the art of discourse
The aims of the training are to enable the apprentice to- give an account of how Greek and Roman civilization, cultural and social conditions were influenced by encounters with other cultures
- analyze the growth of democratic ideas in Greek city-states
- give an account of Natural and Athenian philosophy and their influence on humanity and society
- explain the origins of philosophical discourse, and apply these principles to this subject
- discuss and give an account of Roman law and the meaning of Rhetoric for development of Roman society
- discuss the difference between historical presentation through myth, fictional literature and factual prose
- apply relevant source criticism and questioning to narratives, and show how these narratives can be used as sources of historical information from Classical Antiquity
The Middle Ages and the use of source documents
The aims of the training are to enable the apprentice to- elaborate on and discuss the concept of Feudalism and what Feudalism meant for human beings during the Middle Ages
- discuss the differences and similarities of political and religious thought between Scandinavia and Europe during the Middle Ages
- give an account of how classical Greek philosophy is transmuted into Christian thought, and explain how Christian thought changed during this period
- compare the basic features of Byzantine and Western European culture
- elaborate on and discuss the significance of Islamic culture and thought in the Middle Ages
- give examples of different types of periodization, and elaborate on and discuss their significance for determining what to emphasize in historical accounts
- assess the value of selected historical artefacts and narratives as sources of knowledge about different themes in the Middle Ages
- apply the concepts continuity and change in discussions of historical development during this period
- discuss how Christianity and Islam functioned as "the grand narratives,” and as outlooks on history
The Renaissance and explanation
The aims of the training are to enable the apprentice to- elaborate on and discuss the relationship between economic development and the development of art, science and philosophy during the Renaissance
- give an account of the understanding of society during the Renaissance, and discuss the factors that influenced prominent thinkers and their comprehension of the ideas of State and Society
- discuss the different viewpoints on the significance of the Reformation for cultural and economic development in Europe
- give examples of the significance of the art of printing in the spread of historical writing, ideas and knowledge
- discuss the various explanations associated with themes from the Renaissance through philosophical discourse
The Age of Enlightenment and perspectives
The aims of the training are to enable the apprentice to- reflect on the social background of the Scientific Revolution, and on how this set the stage for new discussions about cognition and ethics
- give examples of important scientific and technical innovations and assess their consequences for Europe and for contact across continents
- give an account of prominent philosophical questions from this period
- present the main features of thought from the Age of Enlightenment, including the ideas of the State and Ideals of Freedom, and elaborate on and discuss the significance these had for the Americas, Europe and Scandinavia
- elaborate on and discuss the significance of Romanticism for thinking, art and culture
- evaluate how historical conditions can be seen from different perspectives and points of view by giving examples from this period
Modern times and critical thinking
The aims of the training are to enable the apprentice to- explain the differences between earlier manners of production and industrial capitalism, and assess their significance for an understanding of time and work
- compare the ideological bases of Liberalism and Marxism
- elaborate on and discuss how an understanding of history can be oppressive or liberating for different groups
- elaborate on and discuss how the Sámi people's common history was significant for pan-Sámi modern identity across national borders
- present a non-European culture, and show how a philosophical tradition or understanding of history has typified this culture
- give an account of central themes within Norwegian and European historical writing from the early 19th century, and explain how historical writing contributed to the development of national identities
- elaborate on and discuss the importance of critical thinking to historical research
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